Finding and using scholarly resources is an important part of excellence in learning. Beginning in grade school, students can learn to use primary source documents and authoritative websites on the Internet. As they go into their college years, students will continually be asked to do research and write papers using not only primary sources, but scholarly works as well. Generally, scholarly resources are those that are written by a person with training or expertise in the subject matter about which they are writing and have been peer reviewed. According to the Primary Sources at Yale website, "Primary sources provide first-hand testimony or direct evidence concerning a topic under investigation. They are characterized by their content, regardless of their format." This resource page focuses on primary resources, websites that offer access or links to scholarly resources, plus associations and organizations.

Biology, Agriculture & Medicine

• Bioscience: An educational resource from the American Institute of Biological Sciences.

• AIBS: Online home of the American Institute of Biological Sciences.

• Beyond Bio 101: Transforming undergraduate biology education—a report from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

• The Biology Project: Interactive resources for learning biology from educators at the University of Arizona.

• Space Biology: Biology Bridging Earth & Space, the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology website.

• Plant Biology: Undergraduate resources from the American Society of Plant Biologists.

• Agronomy: About the daily impacts of agronomy on society, at the American Society of Agronomy.

• USDA: Collections at the National Agricultural Library, includes the Digital Repository.

• History of Agriculture: Cornell University's online core collection of agricultural texts from the 19^th and 20^th centuries.

• Agriculture & Food: List of links to agriculture related sites from Science.gov. Many are to sites with primary sources.

• The AMA: Website for the American Medical Association.

• History of Medicine: Online home of the American Association for the History of Medicine with links to seven journals related to the history of medicine.

• PLOS Medicine: Journal from the Public Library of Science with open access to peer-reviewed papers.

• CDC Stats: The online resource for health statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics.

• Especially for Scholars & Historians: All about resources at the National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, including Digital Collections.

• American Psychological Association: Resources from the APA, including the Journal of Abnormal Psychology.

Physical Sciences, Engineering & Math

• Digital Library: Online resources at the National Science Digital Library.

• Chemistry for Life: The American Chemical Society on the Internet, with educational resources.

• AAAS Online: Website of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

• Physics & Chemistry: Combining chemistry and physics at the Biophysical Society.

• CIESIN: Online home of the Center for International Earth Science Information Network at Columbia University.

• United States Geologic Survey: Educational resources from the USGS, the country's premiere agency for collecting, monitoring, analyzing and disseminating scientific information.

• American Mathematical Society: Website for the AMS, founded in 1888 to further the interests of mathematics.

• Women in Mathematics: The Association for Women in Mathematics online with resources for women and girls who are interested in math.

• Math Digital Library: From the Mathematical Association of America, with On This Day in Math.

• Engineering Education: Resources from the American Society for Engineering Education.

• Physics: Information from the American Institute of Physics.

• AGI Online: Resources in earth science education from the American Geological Institute.

• Science at GSA: Educational resources at the Geological Society of America.

• Engineering: Educational resources engineering and other science curriculums for faculty and students at Engineering Pathway.

• Physical Sciences: Resources for teaching and learning physical science with reviewed information about each resource.

Social Sciences & Humanities

• Advancing the Humanities: The ACLS website includes profiles of almost 70 member learned societies.

• Scholarly Resources: List of resources for students and scholars of rhetoric from the Rhetoric Society of America.

• ACCS Online: The Virginia Tech Arts, Culture, and Civil Society website provides a starting point for students and scholars exploring topics in their courses or research.

• Humanities Text Initiative: Open access to extensive collections of digital texts. Also includes the Making of America, a primary sources digital library in American social history.

• National Humanities Institute: Online home of the NHI, with links for humanities research.

• Vincent Voice Library: Two voice galleries, 20^th Century U.S. Presidents and Michigan Writers Series have voice clips accessible online.

• Nobel Prize: Resources about the Nobel Prize and its Nobel Laureates.

• AGRC: Arts & Humanities Research Council in the United Kingdom with an outreach to the international community.

• ABWH: Internet home of the Association of Black Women Historians, founded in 1979.

• ASALH: Website of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History.

• Whitmaniana at Duke: The Trent Collection of Whitmaniana, images of original works, drafts with revisions, proofs and published versions.

• NEH Online: National Endowment for the Humanities website.

• Philosophy & the Arts: Links to online Readings in the History of Aesthetics.

• Institute of Historical Research: Quick guide to resources links to extensive primary sources in British History.

• Perseus: Digital library of primary sources in Greek and Roman history.

• Sourcebooks: Internet History Sourcebooks Project at Fordham University. Provides deep primary sources in history.

• MLK at Stanford: Extensive primary documents relating to Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Civil Rights Movement.

• The Labyrinth: Georgetown University resources for Medieval Studies.

• Free Speech Movement: A digital archive of the Free Speech Movement at Berkeley from September-December 1964.

• National Museum of Natural History: Online exhibits in anthropology from the National Anthropological Archives and Human Studies Film Archives.

• Introduction to Archaeology: Online textbook with links to primary source documents.

• National Humanities Center: The Toolbox Library, primary resources for the study of U.S. history and literature.

Visual & Performing Arts

• National Endowment for the Arts: Premier U.S. government resource for support of the arts.

• Visual Resources Association: The International Association of Image Media Professionals.

• SDHS: Online home of the Society of Dance History Scholars, promotes dance studies through outreach, performance, publication and research.

• National Dance Association: Website includes an online exhibit, Dance Education in America.

• Performing Arts: Online digital collections from the UK Arts and Humanities Data Service.

• GloPAD: Online primary resources in the performing arts from the Global Performing Arts Database.

• Sheet Music Consortium: Offers access to historic sheet music resources online.

• Performing Arts: Encyclopedia of music, theater and dance. Special Presentations highlight primary source documents and are all available online.

• CAA: College Art Association online, with 14,000 individual members and 2,000 institutional members.

• ATHE: Website for the Association for Theatre in Higher Education, Performance in Theory & Practice.

• NAMT: Online home of the National Alliance for Musical Theatre.

• Shakespeare at Palomar: Mr. William Shakespeare and the Internet offers scholarly Shakespeare resources, including online texts.

• Opera America: Website of The National Service Organization for Opera, includes information about the North American Opera Journal, peer-reviewed online journal for scholarship about North American opera.

• Arts Education: About arts education issues at all levels from the Arts Education Partnership.

• Performing Arts Images: The Performing Arts in America 1875-1923 collection of images.

• Photographic Collection: University of Washington Libraries collection of 610 studio portraits of 19^th century actors, actresses and entertainers.

Government

• The National Archives: The nation's keeper of records preserves the most important documents created by the United States government. Includes this page of codification of presidential proclamations and executive orders disposition tables.

• 100 Documents: Scans of 100 of the most important documents in the history of America, including the Louisiana Purchase Treaty and "Plessy v. Ferguson" and the Monroe Doctrine.

• State of the States: Online transcripts of the state of the state speeches from 2001 to the present.

• Congressional Bios: Biographies for members of the United States Congress from 1786 to the present.

• Presidential Speeches: An archive of speeches given by U.S. presidents from George Washington to the current president. All have transcripts, some are available with audio and beginning with President Kennedy, some video is also included.

K12 Resources

• Government: From the U.S. Government Printing Office, site offers Ben's Guide to the U.S. Government. From primary source documents like the Declaration of Independence and the Federalist Papers to how laws are made and the election process, it's all about U.S. government. Four grade ranges, plus a parents/teachers section, are available.

• The Kennedy Center: ArtsEdge presents lessons for students, including this one that uses primary sources to learn about Civil War music.

• Primary Resources: Encyclopedia Smithsonian offers primary resources from A to Z.

• Universe Adventure: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Physics Division site for learning about the universe.

• NASA Science: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration site to teach about how NASA studies physical science.

• USGS of Kids: Resources for teaching science from the United States Geological Survey.

• Understanding Science: Funded by the National Science Foundation, this site seeks to make available accurate resources for the teaching and study of science.

• Whitehouse 101: History of the White House, the presidents who lived there, along with their pets with primary resources.

• Children's Literature: An enormous digital collection of children's literature from the University of Florida, Baldwin Library of Historical Children's Literature.

• Primary Source Sets: Primary sources in the history of the United States, such as Abraham Lincoln, Baseball: Across a Divided Society, Found Poetry and many more. Also links to a page about using primary sources in the classroom.